CHHOTE KUTAR KA VIKAS AUR INSAS SE PARICHAY

 

CHHOTE KUTAR KA VIKAS AUR INSAS SE PARICHAY

 

Parichay.

1.     Sena ko majbut aur tandrust rakhne ke liye duniya mein ho rahi tabdiliyon ke sath kadam se kadam milakar chalne ki zarurat parti hai.  Pichhle chand ek varshon se adhiktar desh ke small arms mein chhote kutar(calibre) ko apna rahe hain. Yeh jang mein hue anubhav aur vivekshil soch vichar ka natija hai.  Hamare desh ne bhi 5.56mm calibre ke chhote kutar ke hathiyaron ko apnane ka faisla kiya hai.

 

Uddesh.

2.     Duniya ke chhote hathiyaron ke kutar mein badli aur INSAS ke bare mein jankari dena hai.

 

Bhag.

3.     Yeh sabaq do bhagon mein banta gaya hai :-

 

(a)          Duniya ke chhote hathiyaron ke kutar mein badli.

 

(b)          7.62 mm ke hathiyaron mein kamiyan aur INSAS project.

Bhag 1 : Duniya ke Chhote Hathiyar ke Kutar Mein Badli

4.     Unnisawin sadi (19 th Century) ke baad 11mm se 12mm kutar  ke hathiyar istemal hote the. Uske baad 7mm se 8mm kutar kaafi der tak istemal hue lekin dwitiya vishwa yudh (2nd World War) ke baad yeh yakin ho gaya ki chhote hathiyaron ka larai mein effective range zyada se zyada 400 mtr tak hi hai jahan ki target ki pahchan ki ja sakti hai.  Is liye yeh saaf ho gaya hai ki 7.62mm kutar ke hathiyar, zarurat se zyada  takatwar ammunition fire karte hain aur zyada wazandar aur zyada recoil force dete hain.

 

5.     Rifle Fire Ke Vishleshan.      Dwitiya Vishwa Yudh, Korea ki larai, Vietnam ki larai ke Rifle fire ki visheshtaein is prakar hain :-

(a)          30% Engagement                -           100 Mtr se kam rg Par.

(b)          70% Engagement                -           200 Mtr se kam rg Par.       

(c)           90% Engagement                -           300 Mtr se kam rg Par.       

(d)          95% Engagement                -           400 Mtr se kam rg Par.       

 

6.     Dwitiya vishwa yudh ke baad, Russia ne 7.62mm x 39mm ke AK-47 hathiyar apnaye. Yeh hathiyar 7.62mm x 54mm ke hathiyaron ke banishpat halke aur kam recoil wale the. Vietnam ki larai mein America ke 7.62mm x 51mm wale M-14 hathiyar, AK-47 ke sammunitione achha pradarshan nahin kar paye.  AK-47 ke halke wazan, kam recoil energy hone ke karan, zyada rapid fire karne se percentage hit (PH) kafi achha tha.

7.     Larai ke baad America aur baki desh milkar badi research karne ke baad FN Belgium SS 109 ko apna ammunition mana.  Is ammunition ka kutar 5.56mm hai.

 

8.     Is tarah se yeh yakin ho gaya hai ki chhote kutar ke ammunition ki muzzle velocity (MV) zyada aur ballistics achha hone ke karan tgt hit hone ka chance bare kutar ke ammunition ke banishpat zyada hai.

 

9.     Chhote kutar ke ammunition ke kuch faide :-

        (a)           Halka Hathiyar. Hathiyar ki handling asan hoti hai aur fatigue         kam hota hai.           

        (b)           Halka Ammunition.    Kam load hota hai ya usi load mein jiada        ammunition ata hai.

        (c)           Zyada Muzzle Velocity.    Trajectory Chapta hota hai aur is karan    hit        chances barh jata hai.

        (d)           Recoil Energy Kam.  Firer ko dhakka kam lagta hai jis ke karan       accuracy barhti hai.

        (e)           Zyada Lethality. Ballistic Stability achha hone ke karan lethality     zyada hota hai.

 

Bhag II :7.62mm Hathiyaron Mein Kamiyan Aur INSAS Project.

10.   Abhi Infantry section mein teen prakar ke hathiyar hain joki do prakar ke ammunition ka istemal karte hain.  Iske karan hamari trg, logistics, maint mein bahut asuvidhayen hoti hain.  Iski kamiyan is prakar hain :-

(a)          Infantry section ke hathiyaron mein farak aur chal ke sidhant mein farak.

(b)          Hathiyar ke banane mein kathinayi aur zyada samay lagna.

(c)           Instructor aur student ke trg mein kathinayi.

(d)          Maint mein kathinayi.

(e)          Wazandar hathiyar.

 

11.   Inhi kamiyon ko dur karne ke liye AROUNDE mein Nov 79 mein ek conference hua.  Is conference mein niche likhe points ke upar naya weapon system banane ka prastav rakha gaya :-

(a)          Bharatiya hathiyaron ka vikas.

(b)          Adhiktam hisse purzon ka ek jaise hona.

(c)           LMG ki bipod par range 800 Mtr aur Tripod par 1000 Mtr.

(d)          Rate of fire mein badhawa.

(e)          Ammunition aur hathiyar ke wazan mein kami.

 

12.   INSAS Project.Hamari sena ki zaruraton ko dhyan mein rakhte hue aise hathiyaron ko banane ki zarurat thi jo zarurat sudha rg par manzur sudha prabhav hasil kar sake.  Isliye INSAS ammunition ko pahle banakar INSAS hathiyaron ko phir banaya gaya.

 

13.   INSAS Ammunition.  INSAS Ammunition ki ek hi sarv pratham zarurat rakhi gayi thi.  Yeh zarurat thi ki LMG 800 Mtr par prabhav shali fire dal sake.  Is ke liye avashyak tha ki aisa ammunition banaya jae jismein kam se kam 488 joules ka terminal energy ho.  Kyon ki kisi bhi unprotected tgt ko na kabil banane ke liye 81  joules ka energy hona zaruri hai.  Agar target protected hai to protective item mein ghusav hasil karne ke liye 407 joules energy ki zarurat hai.