PRASTAVANA . Aadhunik yug mein vigyan ki pragati ke sath-sath yuddh ke swaroop mein bhi kaafi parivarthan ho gaya hai. Rajnitik samjoton ke falswaroop yuddh ki seemayen desh ki seema ko par kar gaie hain. In aavasthaon mein sainik ko aise ilakon mein jana parta hai jahan ki bhogolik evam dharataliya banavat se ve anbhigya rahate hain. Saamrik dristi se zameeni banavat ka labh tabhi uthaya ja sakta hai, jab sainikon ko Map Reading mein achchhi prakar se kushalta hasil ho. 2. MAP . Kisi bhu-bhag ko jab kisi mapak, projection athva nishchit vidhi ki sahayata se kisi kagaj, kapre ya anya kisi madhyam ke upar darshaya jata hai to use Map kahate hain. 3. MAPON KA SANSHIPT ITHIHAS . Prachin kal mein uttari Canada ke Eskimo aur Arab ke marusthalon ki janjathi Bedouin ki khal aur ret ke upar kisi bhi bhu-bhag ka sahi khaka banane mein nipunata hasil thi. 600 BC Yunnan mein pahala map mitti ki pleton par banaya gaya tha. 500BC uttari Mesopotamia aur Babylon ki sabhyatao...
