GUERRILLA LADAI KYA HAI, PARIBHASA, PARICHAY, ITIHAS: Parichay aur Vishleshan

## GUERRILLA LADAI (CHHAPAMAR YUDH): EK PARICHAY

Vartaman samay mein yuddhon ka swarup purnatah badal chuka hai. Prachin kaal mein paramparik yudh senaon ke madhya hote the. Uske baad, mishrit yudh mein sena ka samana janta se hua. Parantu aaj ke aparamparik yudh mein sena ka muqabla chhote-chhote jan-samuho se hota hai, jo apne apavitra uddeshyon ko prapt karne ke liye sarkar, senaon aur police ke virudh hamla karte rehte hain.

Unki koi nishchit yudh ranniti nahi hoti. Yeh sangathan kahin bhi achanak hamla kar dete hain, jiske parinaamsmarup un par kabu pana kathin hota hai. Iss yudh paddhati ko vartaman mein **Chhapamar** ya **Guerrilla War** kaha jata hai. Yeh aaj ke samay mein bahut hi khatarnak aur atyadhik upyog hone wala yudh ka tarika ban gaya hai.

### ARTH (Meaning)

'Guerrilla' shabd Spanish bhasha ke do shabdon **Guerra + Illa** se milkar bana hai:

 * **Guerra** ka shabdik arth hai — **Yudh (War)**

 * **Illa** ka shabdik arth hai — **Chhota (Little / Limited)**

Iss prakar, Guerrilla se aashay shatru ke dwara suraksha balon ke khilaf apnaye jane wale chhote-chhote yuddhon se hai.

### GUERRILLA WAR KE ADHAR (Foundations)

 1. Apne dushman aur apne bare mein janenge, toh aapko jarur Vijay prapt hogi.

 2. Uske sath hi, yadi wahan ki janta aur jameen ke bare mein sampurn jankari prapt hogi, toh sampurn Vijay hogi.

## ITIHAS (History)

 1. **6wi Shatabdi (Sun Tzu):** Sabse pehle chhati shatabdi mein Chinese lekhak Sun Tzu ne apni kitab *Yudh ki Kala* (*The Art of War*) mein Guerrilla war ka jikr kiya tha. Unhone likha ki teji, chakma aur dhoka (Speed, Surprise & Deception) hamle ki pehli jarurat hain.

 2. **2000 Saal Pehle (China & Spain):** Sabse pehle Guerrilla yudh 2000 saal pehle China mein lada gaya tha. Uske baad ise Spain ne apnaya, jab Spain ke General Carl Von Clausewitz (1780 se 1830) ke netrutva mein France ke Napoleon se lada gaya.

 3. **Pratham Vishwa Yudh (Turkey aur Arab):** Pehle vishwa yudh mein jab iss ladai mein Turkey ne Arab ko haraya, tab Arab ke leader T.E. Lawrence ne unhe Guerrilla yudh ko apnane ke liye kaha, aur woh tarika kaam aaya.

 4. **Dwitiya Vishwa Yudh (Europe & Russia):** Dusre vishwa yudh mein kai European deshon mein wahan ki janta apne dushman se ladi. Russia ki Guerrilla sena ne Germany ko sabse adhik nuksan pahunchaya tha.

 5. **Dwitiya Vishwa Yudh ke Baad:** Iske baad kai deshon ko Guerrilla yudh ka samna karna pada. China, Vietnam aur Cuba aadi deshon ne upaniveshon aur rashtravyapi sarkar ko girane mein iska prayog kiya.

 6. **Bharat mein Itihas (17wi Shatabdi):** Bharat mein sabse pehle 17wi shatabdi mein Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ne Marathon ki chhoti-chhoti tukdiya banakar apne aas-pas ke Bijapur, Sultanpur ewam Muglon ke khilaf yeh yudh lada. Muglon ki sainya takat bahut jyada thi, lekin unhe Pashchimi Ghat ewam Dakshin Pathar ke junglon ke bare mein jankari kam thi. Shivaji Maharaj ne unke khilaf kai ladaiyan Guerrilla paddhati apnakar ladin aur Vijay rahe.

## PARIBHASHA (Definition)

> "Kuchh vyaktiyon dwara swatantra roop se giroh banakar, chhote paimane par hi, janbhoomi mein janta ki madad se (ya swadhin roop se) taiyar kiye gaye hathiyaron se sarkar ke khilaf kiya gaya aniyamit, hinsatmak aur rahasyamay yudh hi **Guerrilla War** kehlata hai."

> 

## GUERRILLA WAR KE SIDHANT (Principles)

 1. Yeh bhitari ilakon mein hone wali ladai hai, jahan sanchar ke sadhan (communication) kam hon.

 2. Yeh log kathin aur ubad-khabad jagahon mein rehte hain.

 3. Yeh ek hi baar mein badi ladai nahi karte, balki chhote-chhote yudh karte hain.

 4. **Marna aur bhagna (Hit & Run)** inka mukhya niyam hai.

 5. Har samay harkat (movement) mein rahena.

 6. Karya karte samay yeh na uske aage ka sochte hain aur na hi peeche ka; arthat, yeh parinaam ke bare mein nahi sochte.

 7. Yeh janta ko apne paksh mein karne ki koshish karte hain.

 8. **Aashcharya aur rahasya (Surprise & Secrecy)** banaye rakhna.

 9. Dushman ko dhoka dena.

 10. Sada suraksha balon ko kasht dekar unhe bikher dena.

 11. Surakshit sthanon par apne base (thikane) sthapit karna aur wahan se ladna.

 12. Suraksha balon ke manobal (morale) ko kam karne ka prayas karte rehna aur uska dushprachar karna.

 13. Jahan Vijay prapt hone ki poori sambhavna hoti hai, yeh wohin ladte hain.

 14. Tatasth (neutral) aur unke virodhi logon ko hamesha aatankit karte rehte hain.

 15. Yeh Mao ke sidhant ko apnate hain.

### MAO KE SIDHANT (Mao's Tactics)

 * **Sidhant 1:** Suraksha bal aage badhega, toh Guerrilla bhagega.

 * **Sidhant 2:** Suraksha bal kahin rukega, toh Guerrilla pareshan karega.

 * **Sidhant 3:** Suraksha bal thak jayega, toh Guerrilla akraman karega.

 * **Sidhant 4:** Suraksha bal peeche hatega, toh Guerrilla unka pichha karke peeche se akraman karega.

## SANKHEP (Conclusion)

Kisi bhi dushman ke bare mein poori jankari hone se hi usse nipatne ki ranniti aur upay banaye ja sakte hain. Isliye hamare bal (force) ke har jawan ko Guerrilla ladai kya hai aur iske itihas ke bare mein jankari hona nihayat hi zaroori hai.