AAM GROUP KE SIDHANT AUR MULYANKAN KE MAPDAND

 

AAM GROUP KE SIDHANT AUR MULYANKAN KE MAPDAND

 

 

 

Paribhashayen

 

1.    Group.           Jab ek firer apne hathiyar se ek hi range, ek hi pakar, ek hi position aur shist kayam karte hue do ya do se jyada golian fire karta hai toh golion se jo khakha target par banta hai use group kahte hain. 

 

2.    Normal Group.        Agar ek firer apne hathiyar se ek hi range aur firing position se alag alag din, alag alag samay par group fire karta hai to sabhi group ka jo ausat group nikalega use firer ka normal group kahte hain. Badhte range ke saath group badhta hai. Ek firer ko kisi bhi range par ausat gorup banane ke bare mein jankari honi chahiye.

 

3.       MPI (Mean Point of Impact).      Group ke madhya ko MPI kahte hain.

 

4.    Accuracy.     Ek hathiyar ki woh kabliyat joh ki group ke MPI ko chune hue POA par dal sake. 

 

5.    Consistency.           Fire kiye hue group mein MPI se golion ke phailav ki samrupta ko consistency kahte hain.Consistency firer se sambandh rakhti hai.

 

Aam Group Ke Sidhant

 

6.    Group kyon banata hai.Fire ki hui do golian ek hi surakh se nahin nikalti hain, iske karan is prakar hain:-

 

(a)     Hathiyar ki Accuracy/ Consistency.      Ek rifle jab factory se pass hoti hai tab woh 100m se 2,1/2 cm ka group banati hai, yani ki factory mein bhi do golian ek hi surakh se nahin guzarti, kyonki hathiyar bari sankhya mein bante hai aur thori bahut kami rah jati hai, is lie group banta hai.

 

(b)     Barrel Ka Garam Hona.     Goli fire hone par gas paida hoti hai jo bullet ko aage dhakelti hai. Agar barrel garam nahin hai toh jyada garmi barrel ko garam karne mein jab ho jati hai jisse goli ke pichhe gas ka dabao kam ho jata hai isse muzzle velocity kam ho jati hai.

 

(c)     Ammunition mein Antar.

 

(i)           Propellant ka Wazan. Propellant ke wazan aur visheshta mein antar hone se paida hui gas pressure mein antar hota hai, jisse goli ki muzzle velocity mein antar par jata hai.

 

 

 

(ii)          Goli ka Shape Size aur Wazan.   Goli ke shape, size aur wazan mein antar hone se goli ki trajectory mein antar par jata hai.

 

(d)     Jump. Goli fire hone par hathiyar mein jump hota hai, yeh recoil fire ki wajah se hota hai, jisse barrel thori upar ya niche ki harkat karti hai. Har goli fire karne par jump mein thora farq hota hai jisse goli ke trajectotry mein farq parta hai. 

 

(e)     Mausam.       Alag alag mausami halat, jaise hawa ki raftar aur disha se goli ki trajectory mein antar par jata hai, jisse goli target par alag alag jagah par lagti hai.

 

(f)      Firer ki Galti. Grouping fire ke dauran jab firer galti karta hai to golian alag alag jagah par lagti hai. Firer aksar pakar, aiming ya trigger operation ki galtian karta hai.

 

(g)     Stocking up & tuning up. Yadi hathiyar ke mukhya hisse purze thik se kase hue nahin hai to fire ki gaye koi do goliyan alag line of departure akhtiyar karti hain. Jiski wajha se group banta hai.

 

(h)     Target ka range.     Yadi group fire adhik range se kiya jaye to do goliyon ka target par lagne ka fasla bhi adhik hota hain.

 

7.    Badhti range ke saath group ka size bhi badhta hai. Yeh mumkin nahin hai ki hum golion ko bikharne se rok den, lekin hum inka failao achhi training, firing ke liye puri taiyari, mazboot pakar, durust aiming aur trigger operation aur achhi maintenance ke jarie kam se kam karke achha grouping fire haasil kar sakte hain.

 

8.    Error Chasing (Galti ka Peecha Karna).           Jab firer ki jatia galti ke karan goli POA par nahi lagti to firer goli ko POA par lane ke liye apni shist badli kar deta hai, isi tarah galti pe galti karne ke karan uske group ka size bara banta jata hai, firer ki is karwai ko error chasing kahte hain. 

 

9.    Group Ke Usul.       Tamam golian ek surakh se nahin guzarti, islie group banta hai. Yeh baat hum samajh chuke hain aur iske karan bhi jaan chuke hain. Isi ko hum group ki buniyad samajhte hue group ke usul dekhenge:-

 

(a)     Badhti range ke saath group ka size bhi badhta hai.

(b)     Group ka size hathiyar, ammunition, firer, range aur position par nirbhar karta hai.

(c)     Group target par kahin bhi ban sakta hai.

(d)     Grouping fire mein position, pakar aur shist ki badli nahin ki jati hai. 

(e)     Group ka MPI, sighton par lage range aur target ke sahi range ke hisab se banta hai.

(f)       Grouping fire ke dauran hawa, roshni ya anya baton ka haq nahin rakha jata hai.

(g)     Sahi zeroing se Group ke MPI ko sahi jagah par laya ja sakta hai. (h) Group ka size single shot aur burst fire ke liye alag alag hai. 

 

MPI Malum Karne ke Tariqe

 

10. Ek firer ko apne group ka MPI nikalne ka tariqa malum hona chahiye taki woh apne hathiyar ki sighton mein tabdili kar ke use zero kar sake. Group ka MPI malum karne ke teen tariqe hain:-

 

(a)     Calculation Ka Tariqa

 

(i)           Sabse pahle koi bhi do golion ke nishan ko ek rekha se jor do. Is rekha ka   madhya pahle do golion ka MPI hoga.

(ii)          Pahle do golion ke MPI ko rekha se tisri goli ki nishan se mila do aur is rekha ko teen bhag mein bant do. Pahle MPI ke nazdeek wala bindu in teen golion ka MPI hoga.

(iii)        MPI No-2 ko chouthi goli ke nishan se rekha khinch kar mila do aur is rekha ko char bhagon mein bant do. MPI No 2 ke nazdik jo bindu hoga woh char golion ka MPI hoga.

(iv)        Isi tarah panchvi aur chhatti golion ka MPI malum karke, group ka MPI malum kiya ja sakta hai.

 

(b)     Graph Ka Tariqa

 

(i)           Group ki sabse bayen wali goli se ek sidhi khari rekha khincho.

(ii)          Group kisabse niche wali goli se ek pari rekha khincho aur khari rekha se milado.

(iii)        Har ek goli ka khari aur pari rekha se fasla nikalo(cms mein).

(iv)        Sabhi golion ke khari aur pari rekha se alag alag fasla jordo. Khari aur pari rekhaon se ausat fasla nikalne ke liye ise kul golion ki sankhya se vibhajan kar do.

(v)          Ausat faslon ko khari aur pari rekhaon se rekha khinch kar jordo aur jis jagah par yeh rekhayen milti hain woh bindu Group ka MPI hoga.

 

(c)     Axis of Dispersion Ka Tariqa. Is tarike ka tab istemal karte hai jab bahut si golion ka MPI malum karna  ho:-

 

(i)           Ek khari rekha khinch kar golion ko do barabar bhagon mein bant do . (ii)             Isi tarah ek pari rekha khinch kar golion ko do barabar bhagon mein baant do.

(ii)          Jahan par khari aur pari rekha milti hai woh bindu Group ka MPI hoga.

 

ESA aur uska Nirdharan (Expected Scoring Area)

 

11. ESA.ESA ek gol daire ka vyas hai jismen ek ausat firer ko diye hue range, firing position, hathiyar aur fire ki kism ke zariye fire ki gai sabhi golian, is daire ke andar marni chahiye. ESA ka nishchay new range course mein kiya hua hai jabki normal group firer ke upar nirbhar karta hai.

     

12. ESA ka Izhad. ESA ki dharna ek ausat firer ko madhya najar rakhte hue banaya gaya hai. 5.56mm INSAS rifle ka kargar range 400m hai, yani ladai mein ek Rifleman 400m par dushman yani ek insani target (48cm chaurai) ko hit karna chahiye. Is prakar rifle ki sabse mushkil practise ko base banate hue new range course mein ESA ka izhad kiya gaya hai. 400m se ESA 48cm hona chahiye, is prakar alag alag ranges, firing position, fire ka tarika aur hathiyar ko madhya najar rakhte hue ESA ko nirdharit kiya gaya hai. Agar upar bataye gaye kisi bhi cheez mein antar dalte hai to ESA ka size bhi badli ho jayega. 

 

13.    1985 Range Course mein Mulyankan ke Mapdand mein Kamiyan.

 

(a)     Samay barbad.    Bahut jyada practises hone ke karan kafi samay barbad hota hai.

 

(b)     Target ka prabhandh.       Target ke kai qism hone ki wajah se target ka prabandh karna mushkil hota hai.

 

(c)      Scoring syatem.     Target par scoring ka tarika alag alag range, firing position, hathiyar aur fire ke tariqe se sambandhit nahin hai.

 

(d)     MM.     Bina target ke centre mein hit kiye, 66.66% number lekar koi bhi fire MM ban sakta hai.

 

14.    ESA Dharna ke Dwara New Range Course mein Sudhar.

 

(a)     New Range Course, is dharna par banaya gaya hai ki yatharth (precision) nishanebaji se hi ek firer ladai ke dauran fire ka mudda haasil kar sakta hai. 

 

(b)     ESA.   ESA ka izhad aur hathiyar, range, position aur fire ka tariqe, ko madhya nazar rakhte hue ESA aur incentive circle ke size mein badlao kiya gaya hai.

 

(c)      Scoring System. Incentive circle ke lie -3, ESA - 2 aur fig 11 tgt par kahin bhi hit hone par 1pt milta hai. 

 

(d)     MM.     MM ka darja haasil karne ke lie 70% point lena awashyak hai, iska matlab MM banne ke liye kuchh rounds incentive circle mein hit karna hi padega.

 

(e)     Tgt ki Qism.  Kam se kam tgt ka istemal.

 

(f)       Incentive Circle.      Achha firer ka hausala badhane ke lie incentive circle diya gaya hai.

 

(g)     Auto Fire.      1985 Range Course ke banishpat LMG ka 300m se ESA 48cm se jyada.

 

15. New range course is tariqe se banaya gaya hai ki woh ek ausat firer ko fire karne ka protsahan de aur achhe firer ka hausla badhaye. Ek firer mein yeh kablliyat hona chahiye ki woh achha group fire kar sake aur saath hi use apna group banane ki kabiliyat ki jankari honi chahiye. Firer ko apne group ka vishleshan karne ka tariqe ana chahiye taaki woh group ka MPI malum kar sake aur apni galtion ko sudhar karke ek unche darje ka firer ban sake.