CHHOTE HATHIYARON KE FIRE KA SIDDHANT

 

CHHOTE HATHIYARON KE FIRE KA SIDDHANT

 

 

Paribhashayen

 

1.    Barrel ki Line (Axis of Bore). Us farzi line ko kahte hain jo breech block se bore ke bilkul madhya se hote hue, muzzle tak jati hai. Jis ko muzzle end se aage badha ne se yeh line of elevation kahlati hai.

 

2.    Goli Nikalne ki Line ( Line of Departure).         Muzzle se nikalne ke baad goli jis rukh mein ya jis raste hokar jani chahiye usko goli nikalne ki line kahte hain. Yeh ek farzi line hai.

 

3.    Jump. Yeh us farq ko jahir karta hai jo ki barrel ki line aur line of departure ke beech hota hai. Yeh muzzle ki harkat bullet ke muzzle chorte waqt, round ke dhamake ke karan hoti hai. Ise nangi aankh se asani se nahin dekha ja sakta hai kyonki yeh harkat bahut hi mamuli hoti hai aur bahut hi tezi se hoti hai. Jump se goli ki trajectory mein bhi farq parta hai lekin iska purwanuman lagakar zeroing ke dwara isko nakara kiya ja sakta hai. 

 

4.    Throw Off. Yeh bhi jump ki tarah hi hai lekin farq kewal barrel ki harkat mein hota hai. Jump mein barrel kewal upar ya niche ki harkat karta hai lekin throw off mein barrel daen/ baen ki harkat karti hai. Iske asar ko bhi zeroing karke nakara ja sakta hai.AK 47 mein throw off 2 baje ki line mein hai is liye 7 baje ki line mein compensator lagaya gaya hai. 

 

5.    Shist ki Rekha (Line of Sight). Us farzi line ko kahte hain jo firer ki ankh, back sight ke bicho bich, fore sight tip se hote hue point of aim parjati hai.

 

6.       (a)    Quadrant Elevation.      Firing se pahle axis of bore aur samtal ke bich banne wala woh kon QE kahlata hai jab gun fire ke lie taiyar ho. 

 

 (b)     Trajectory.    Muzzle ko chorne ke baad target ko hit karne tak ya zamin par takrane tak goli ka hawa mein uran ke dauran jo golaidar raasta banta hai use trajectory kahte hain. 

 

7.    Uncha Nishan (Culminating Point).       Uran ke dauran goli line of sight se, jis sabse unche mukam par pahunchti hai use culminating point kahte hain. Yeh aamtaur par trajectory ke adhe raaste ke baad hota hai. Golian culminating point ke baad bahut tezi ke saath zamin ki taraf ati hain.

 

8.    Utaar ka Kon (Angle of Descent). Uncha nishan (CP) ke aage trajectory ke kisi bhi bhag par mapa jane wala woh kon hai jo ki samtal (horizontal) aur trajectory ke kisi bhi bhag se khinchi sparsh rekha (tangent) ke bich chhota kon (angle) banta hai.

 

9.    Girne ka Kon (Angle of Fall). Yeh trajectory ke us bhag par, jahan line of sight trajectory ko kaatti hai, banne wala woh kon hai jo ki us bhag se khinchi sparsh rekha aur samtal ke bich banta hai. Dusre sabdon mein, jahan barrel se lekar guzarti samanantar rekha trajectory ko kaatti hai, use point of fall kahte hain. Point of fall par trajectory se khinchi sparsh rekha aur samtal ke bich ke kon ko angle of fall kahte hain. Dhyan rahe ki is sthan par angle of fall aur angle of descent ek hi hain. 

 

10. Disha Badalna (Recochet).     Goli zamin se ya kisi annya sthan se takrane ke baad jab apni disha ko badal leti hai use recochet hona kahte hain. Pani se bhi recochet hota hai.

 

11. Pahli Pakar (First Catch).     Yeh, Trajectory, par woh point hota hai jahan par goli target ke sabse unche hisse se takra sakti hai aur yeh zamin se sambandhit hoti hai.

 

12. Pahli Ragar (First Graze).      Yeh zamin par, point hota hai jahan, first catch ke bad, zamin par goli takrati hai.

 

13.    Dangerous Space.Woh ilaka jo first catch aur first graze ke bich banta hai.

 

14. Cone of Fire.    Auto hathiyar se burst fire ke dauran golian hawa mein jis akar mein failti hain use cone of fire kahte hain. Yeh aamtaur par ek ande ke akar mein failta hai. Ismen Zyadatar golian ande ke bicho bich hoti hain.

 

15. Beaten Zone.  Cone of fire ki golian zamin par girkar jo sakal banati hain use beaton zone kahte hain. Iski banawat range aur zamin ki banawat ke anusar alag- alag hoti hai.e.g. BZ for 7.62mm LMG at 500m =175x2m and at 1000m it is 115x4m.

 

16. Dangerous Zone.    Dangerous space aur beaton zone ke bich ke ilake ko dangerous zone kahte hain. Fire ko kargar hone ke lie yeh zaruri hai ki target dangerous zone mein shaamil ho. 

 

Dangerous Space par asar dalne wali baten

 

17. Dangerous space ka bara ya chhota hona chand ek baton par nirbhar hai jo ki is parkar se hain:-

 

(a)     Range.   Lambe range par dangerous space kam hoga banispat chhote range ke. 

 

(b)     Zamini Satah se Upar Hathiyar ki Unchai.  Agar hathiyar unchai par hoga to dangerous space chhota banega aur wahi hathiyar nichai par ho to dangerous space bara banega. 

 

(c)     Zamini Halaat.    Dangerous space ke bare ya chhote hona bahut had tak zamin ki banawat par bhi nirbhar hota hai kyonki zamin ki halaat ke Madhyanazar target height ya hathiyar ki unchai alag-alag hogi. 

 

(d)     Trajectory ka chaptapanYani trajectory jitni chapti hogi, dangerous space utna hi zyada hoga. 

 

(e)     Target ki Unchai.  Target jitna uncha hoga dangerous space zyada hoga. 

 

Golion ki Uran wa usse Talluk rakhane wali baten

 

17.       Barrel Chhorne se pahle

 

(a)     Gas ka dabao.         Jyada gas ke dabao se zyada Muzzle velocity(MV) milti hai aur range badh jata hai. Trajectory bhi chapti hoti hai.

 

(b)     Ghumao (Spin).       Barrel ke andar grooves yani churion ke hone se goli ko uran ke dauran sidhai milti hai.

 

(c)     Dhamaka aur Recoil.      Dhamake ki wazah se aur goli ke aage badhne se ek kism ki thartharahat paida hoti hai jisse jump aur throw off paida hoti hai. Recoil ka waise bhi koi khas asar nahin parta kionki jab hathiyar mein sabse adhik recoil paida hota hai tab tak goli barrel ko chhor chuki hoti hai. Stocking up tunning up se kam hota hai.

 

18. Jump ka Mahatwa.  Hathiyar mein firing ke baad amuman paida hui thartharahat ke karan hi jump hota hai. Ise hamne pahle paribhashaon mein bhi dekha hai. Jump`Positive' ya `negative' ho sakta hai. Jab line of departure, barrel ki line se upar hota hai to jump positive kahlata hain aur usi bhanti agar line of departure, barrel ki line se niche ho to wah jump negative kahlati hai. Hamesha hi chhote hathiyar mein jump positive hi hota hai. Jump nimn baton par nirbhar karta hai:- 

 

(a)     Stocking Up.  Yani forehand grip ko body aur barrel se kas dena. Forehand grip ke tedhe hone pe, screw ka dhile hone se ya forehand grip aur barrel ki bich kisi chiz ke aa jane se jump par asar parta hai aur jump kam ya adhik hota hai.

 

(b)     Bayonet ke Fire Par asar.  Bayonet chadhakar karne se bhi fire par asar parta hai. Islie jawanon se training ke dauran bayonet lagakar fire karwaen, taki iske parnewale farq ka pata chale. Bayonet chadhakar fire karne se golian niche lagti hain.

 

(c)     Hathiyar ko Sahara dene ki Jagah.Chunki zeroing unsp position se hota hai islie jab ham supported fire karte hain to jump mein farq ata hai. Islie CG ke anusar alag- alag support se alag alag jump ka asar hoga aur golian failkar lagengi.

 

(i)            CG (centre of gravity) ke aage sahara hone se golian upar lagengi.

(ii)           CG ke pichhe sahara lene se golian niche lagengi, jaise ki magazine tikakar fire karne ke karan hota hai.

 

 

 

 

(d)     Barrel Mein Tel ka Hona.  Barrel, chamber par tel hone se atirikt gas paida hoti hai jisse muzzle velocity badh jati hai, dhua adhik paida hota hai golian upar lagti hain. Aisi halat mein fire karne se barrel bulge hone ka khatra bhi rahta hai. Lekin accuracy badh jati hai.

 

19. Fixed Line Lagana.    Am taur par aap sabhi ko LMG ko site karte waqt fixed line ka chunao karna parta hoga. Aur shayad aap yeh bhi jante honge ki fixed line ka chunao ham 700m dur zamin par karte hain.Aisa iss liye kiya jata kyonki 700mpar aim lekar fire karne par 5.56mm INSAS LMG ki goliyan zamin se 4.5 feet se upar nahi udhati.

 

(a)     BZ ke Lihaz se Mafi Galti.   Agar range ka sahi anuman lagane mein firer galti karta hai to wah LMG par bhi galat range lagaega. Lekin agar galti kewal 50% BZ ke tak ki hai to wah 5.56 mm INSASLMG ke beaten zone ke karan tgt ko apne chapet mein le legi. Kahne ka matlab hai ki agar gun par sahi range laga ho to tgt BZ ke bichobich aa jayega, 50% se jyada ki galti hai to wah tgt ko cover nahin kar pati hai.

 

20.       Barrel Chhorne ke Baad.

 

(a)     Hawa ka Pratirodh.   Jab goli barrel ko chorti hai to ispar hawa ka asar parta hai jisse iski raftar mein kami aa jati hai, saath hi daen/ baen se chalne wali hawa ka bhi asar golian ki maar par parta hai. Samne ya pichhe se ane wali hawa ka asar kam range par nahin parta hai. 

 

(b)     Zamini Akarshan ya Gurutova Akarshan ka Asar. Iske karan bhi goli ke uran par farq parta hai. Jaise-jaise range badhti jati hai ye asar adhik hota jata hai.

 

21.       In donon wajahon se goli target par pahunchte-pahunchte ek golaidar raasta taye karti hai. Jyon-jyon range badhta hai, saath hi goli ki raftar mein kami ati hai. Isse goli adhik range par zyada tezi se zamin ki taraf aati hai.

 

Mausam ka Chhote Hathiyaron tatha Fire par Asar

 

22. Unchai.          Samudra tal se jagah ki unchai ke bhi fire par asar parta hai. Jaise 1200 ft ya usse unche sthanon par golian upar lagti hai kyonki :-

 

(a)       Hawa ka kam dabao hone se hawa ki, pratirodhak shamta kam hoti hai.

(b)       Gurutwa karshan shakti kam hone se golian upar lagti hai.

 

23.       Taapman.

 

(a)     Geela Ammunition.  Barrud dhire jalega, MV kam hoga aur golian niche lagengi.

 

(b)     Barrel Ka Garam hona.MV adhik hoga aur golian upar lagengi. Sard ilaqon mein barrel ko dhire-dhire garam karna ke lie pahle single shot fire karen.

 

(c)     Garam Ammunition.    Iska bhi taalluk MV se hota hai. Goli upar lagti hain, parantu iske asar bahut hi mamuli hota hai.

 

24. Roshni ka Asar. Agar mausam mein bahut zyada dhul hone ke karan ya ghata/badlon ke ane se roshni kam ho gai ho to, yakinan hathiyar ki foresight saff mausam ki bansipat kam saaf dikhai degi. Is tarah agar tez roshni hogi to dohri ya nakli foresight bhi dikhai degi. Isse elevation par asar parege aur golian upar ya niche lagengi. Hamesha yaad rahe :- 

 

(a)    Light up         - Sight up.

(b)    Light down    - Sight down.

 

25. Adrata(Humidity). Adrata adhik hone se hawa ka ghanatwa kam ho jata hai aur nose hawa ki pratirodhak akshamta bhi kam ho jati hai. Aisi halat mein golian upar lagti hain. Shist ko upar rakhna chahiye.

 

26. Unchai aur Geele Ammunition ka mila jula Asar. Chunki unchai ka asar adhik hota hai isse golian upar hi lagti hain. Zeroing ki khas ahmiat hoti hai.

 

27. Chhote hathiyaron ke fire ke siddhant ke bare me jankari hojane se ek firer asani se iske pahaluon ka, nishane bazi ke prashikshan ke dauran, istemal kar sakta hai. Aisa karne se jahan uska fire behtar hoga, wahin uska apne hathiyar se behtar talmel sthapit hoga. Apne is sabak ke dauran in sidhanton ke bare mein jankari prapt karne ke paschat yah awashya hi mahsus kiya hoga ki ye chhoti-chhoti si baten kitni aham hoti hain. Kai aise pahlu jinpar pahle aapne kabhi vichar bhi nahin kia hoga ab aapki samajh ke daire mein hain aur aap ab apne hathiyaron ka behtar roop mein istemal karne mein saksham honge.