India Council Act 1909:

🔷 India Council Act 1909:

🔶 It is also known as the Marley-Minto Reforms.

 🔶There was a significant increase in the size of the Legislative Councils at the Center and in the Provinces.  The number of members in the Central Council increased from 16 to 60.

🔶 Introduction of communal representation, separate electorates for Muslims.  Lord Minto is considered the father of communal election. 

🔶 Indians were allowed in the executive councils of the Viceroy and the Governor. 

 🔶The councils were empowered to discuss any matter, propose a budget and ask supplementary questions.

🔷 Government of India Act 1919:

🔶 It is also known as the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms.

 🔶Central subjects and provincial subjects were demarcated. 

🔶 "Dual government" introduced at the provincial level. 

🔶 Under the bicameral system, provincial subjects were divided into transferred and reserved subjects - the governor was not responsible to the Legislative Council on reserved subjects. 

🔶 For the first time, a bicameral system was introduced at the center

 🔶direct election. 

🔶 According to the Act, out of the 6 members (besides the Commander-in-Chief) of the Viceroy's Executive Council, three were to be Indians.

🔶 Provision was made for the establishment of the Central Public Service Commission. 

🔷 Government of India Act 1935

🔶 Proposed act for the establishment of an all-India federation, which included the provinces and princely states as units, although the union never came into existence. 

 🔶The Act divided the powers between the Center and the units into the Federal List, the Provincial List and the Concurrent List.

 The residuary powers were vested in the Viceroy.

 🔶Provision for adopting diarchy at the center. 

 🔶Introduced bicameral Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly in 6 provinces i.e. Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Assam and United Provinces. 

🔶 Establishment of Reserve Bank of India. 

🔶Federal Court Establishment of 1947 Indian. 

 🔷 Freedom Act:

🔶 It ended British rule in India

  and declared India an independent nation. 

 🔶India was partitioned

 The office of the Secretary of India was dissolved.