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1 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infects cells of the immune system Infection results in the progressive deterioration of the immune system, breaking down the body's ability to fend off some infections and other diseases. AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection, defined by the occurrence of any of more than 20 opportunistic infections or related cancers. 2 HIV can be transmitted in several ways HIV can be transmitted through: •unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal) or oral sex with an infected person; •transfusions of contaminated blood; •the sharing of contaminated needles, syringes or other sharp instruments; •the transmission between a mother and her baby during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. 3 There are several ways to prevent HIV transmission. Key ways to prevent HIV transmission: •practice safe sexual behaviours such as using condoms; •get tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections, inc...

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is one of the world's most serious health and development challenges: •According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Exit Disclaimer, there were approximately 36.9 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2014. Of these, 2.6 million were children (<15 years old). •According to WHO, Exit Disclaimer an estimated 2.0 million individuals worldwide became newly infected with HIV in 2014.  This includes over 220,000 children (<15 years). Most of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa and were infected by their HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. •A UNAIDS report Exit Disclaimer shows that of the 36.9 million people living with HIV globally, 17.1 do not know they have the virus and need to be reached with HIV testing services, and around 22 million do not have access to HIV treatment, including 1.8 million children. •The vast majority of people living with HIV are in low- and middle-income coun...

English is an international language, spoken in many countries both as a native and as a second or foreign language. It is taught in the schools in almost every country on this earth. It is a living and vibrant language spoken by over 300 million people as their native language. Millions more speak it as an additional language. English is spoken habitually in the United States, the British Isles, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of South Africa, Liberia, and many territories under the United Kingdom and the United States of America. It is estimated that 300 million people speak English as a second language, and an additional 100 million people use it fluently as a foreign language. As a rough estimate, 1000 million or one billion people around the world have some knowledge of English, either as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign language. English is the associate official language of India which has over 1000 million (over billion) people. Pak...

THE) TERRORIST AND DISRUPTIVE ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 1987 Commonly known as TADA, the act was the first and only legislative effort by the Union government to define and counter terrorist activities. It was formulated in the back drop of growing terrorist violence in Punjab which had its violent effects in other parts of the country too, including capital New Delhi. The Act, which was criticised on various counts by human rights organisations and political parties was permitted to lapse in May 1995 though cases initiated while it was in force continue to hold legal validity. The full text of the Act follows. Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, commonly known as TADA, was an anti-terrorism law which was in force between 1985 and 1995 (modified in 1987) under the background of Punjab insurgency and was applied to whole of India. It came into effect on 23 May 1985. It was renewed in 1989, 1991 and 1993 before being allowed to lapse in 1995 due to increasing unpopul...

Keep in mind, those who commit terrorist acts: Usually live among us without appearing suspicious while planning and preparing for their attack. They may be your neighbor, student or friend. Often they will need training or equipment that will arouse suspicion. Need to conduct surveillance on possible targets and gather information on the planned attcak location. All of these things make terrorists vulnerable to detection, by those watching for certain characteristics. Learn to recognize the difference between normal and abnormal behavior. It can be a fine line. Stay alert in your daily travels and routines and get to know: » Who your neighbors are » What cars are normally in your neighborhood » Who regularly makes deliveries at work and in your neighborhood Staying alert is NOT about becoming paranoid. Staying alert is being aware of one's surroundings. Be alert to indications of possible trouble. They may include: » A local activity that could indicate problems in your community....

Listed below are eight signs of terrorism that may help detect potential terrorist acts. Indicators of a potential event may occur weeks, months or even years apart. Documenting details of events or behaviors witnessed is important, no matter how small or insignificant they may seem. 1. Surveillance Terrorists will likely observe a chosen target during the planning phase of an operation. They do this to determine the strengths, weaknesses and number of emergency personnel that may respond to an incident. Suspicious actions during this phase may include someone recording or monitoring activities, drawing diagrams or making notes on maps, using vision-enhancing devices, or having possession of floor plans or blue prints of places such as high-tech firms, financial institutions, or government facilities, including military installations. Routes to and from the target are also usually established during the surveillance phase. 2. Inquiries A second sign, inquiries, entails attempting to ga...

1. Square Breathing: Shake off anxiety and clear your head. There is no aspect of relaxation more important than breathing. When I get particularly hyper-focused at work, my breathing becomes quite shallow. If you're anything like me, deep breathing alone can have a huge impact on your state of mind. It's like hitting restart to restore calm, clear thinking. To begin square breathing, sit in a comfortable, upright position on the floor or in a chair. Inhale through your nose for four counts (1, 2, 3, 4). Hold that breath in for four counts. Exhale through your nose for four counts. Hold that breath out for four counts. That's one cycle. Repeat 10 times, going at your own pace: Inhale 2, 3, 4. Hold 2, 3, 4. Exhale, 2, 3 4. Hold, 2, 3, 4. 2. Shoulder stretch: Release neck and shoulder tension. Interlace your fingers, and raise your arms above your head, with your palms facing upwards. Try to keep your arms in line with your ears, while you look straight ahead and relax your...

HOT DRINKS 1.  Spiced Irish Coffee 2.  Slow Cooker-Mulled Wine With Cranberries and Rosemary 3.  Orange Bourbon Tea 4.  Bourbon-Spiked White Hot Chocolate 5.  Earl Grey Hot Toddy 6.  Kahlua Hot Chocolate 7.  Hot Pumpkin Buttered Rum 8.  Mexican Hot Chocolate 9.  Maple-Bourbon Chai Tea Toddy 10.  Winter Cranberry Martini 11.  Cider Rum Punch With Thyme 12.  Homemade Candy Cane-Infused Vodka 13.  Stove Top-Mulled Wine With Brandy 14.  Christmas Sangria 15.  Pumpkin and Pineapple Spiced Rum 16.  Red Nose Punch 17.  Bourbon and Citrus Sangria 18.  Sour Green Apple Margarita 19.  Sparkling Apple Cider Sangria 20.  Spicy Ginger Gold Rush 21.  Winter Old-Fashioned

HOT DRINK Change up your favorite hot chocolate by adding malted milk powder and broiled marshmallows. NGREDIENTS serving hot cocoa mix (plus the ingredients called for in the package directions) marshmallow S tablespoons malted milk powder DIRECTIONS Heat broiler (of oven or toaster oven). Place the marshmallows on a foil-lined broilerproof baking sheet and broil until just golden, about 30 seconds. Meanwhile, prepare the hot cocoa mix according to the package directions. Mix with the malted milk powder. Top with the toasted marshmallows.

SYMPTOMS OF DANGUE FEVER Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include Sudden, high fever Severe headaches Pain behind the eyes Severe joint and muscle pain Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) Sometimes, symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for those of the fluor another viral infection. Younger children and people who have never had the infection before tend to have milder cases than older children and adults. However, serious problems can develop. These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is...

Relativity is one of the most famous scientific theories of the 20th century, but how well does it explain the things we see in our daily lives? Formulated by Albert Einstein in 1905, the theory of relativity is the notion that the laws of physics are the same everywhere. The theory explains the behavior of objects in space and time, and it can be used to predict everything from the existence of black holes, to light bending due to gravity, to the behavior of the planet Mercury in its orbit. The theory is deceptively simple. First, there is no "absolute" frame of reference. Every time you measure an object's velocity, or its momentum, or how it experiences time, it's always in relation to something else. Second, the speed of light is the same no matter who measures it or how fast the person measuring it is going. Third, nothing can go faster than light. [Twisted Physics: 7 Mind-Blowing Findings] The implications of Einstein's most famous theory are profound. If th...

NaturalNews) An encouraging new study shows that coconut oil can offer pneumonia patients a faster and more complete recovery. The results of the study were presented in Philadelphia at a meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians on October 29, 2008 by Gilda Sapphire Erguiza, M.D. of the Philippine Children s Medical Center and Daniel Rauch, M.D. of the New York University Langone Medical Center. The study analyzed the results of adding in a regimen of coconut oil for 40 children whose ages ranged from 3 months to 5 years old. All of the children had been diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, a lung infection obtained outside of a hospital setting. The children were all treated with the typical antibiotic ampicillin. Half of the children were also given a dose of coconut oil based on their weight. The oil was administered for three consecutive days. Children who received doses of coconut oil recovered much faster than those who did not. On average, the children who too...

1. Helps Keep Your Immune System Humming People who have sex have higher levels of what defends your body against germs, viruses, and other intruders. Researchers at Wilkes University in Pennsylvania found that college students who had sex once or twice a week had higher levels of the a certain antibody compared to students who had sex less often. You should still do all the other things that make your immune system happy, such as: •Eat right. •Stay active. •Get enough sleep. •Keep up with your vaccinations. •Use a condom if you don't know both of your STD statuses. 2. Boosts Your Libido "Having sex will make sex better and will improve your libido. For women, having sex ups vaginal lubrication, blood flow, and elasticity, she says, all of which make sex feel better and help you crave more of it. 3. Improves Women's Bladder Control A strong pelvic floor is important for avoiding incontinence, something that will affect about 30% of women at some point in their lives. Good...

 Garlic Garlic’s antibacterial and antiviral properties can be very helpful in getting rid of cold symptoms. Garlic is good for the immune system and helps open up respiratory passages, and also helps flush toxins out of your body. Mix together one crushed garlic clove, two teaspoons lemon juice, one teaspoon honey, and half a teaspoon cayenne pepper or red chilli powder. Consume it daily until the symptoms subside. Boil four to five chopped garlic cloves in a cup of water and add one teaspoon of honey. Drink it two to three times a day. You can also eat raw garlic or use a few drops of garlic oil in your food and drinks  Honey Honey can be of great help in soothing an irritated throat as well as shortening the lifespan of a cold. The high amount of nutrients and enzymes in honey help kill bacteria and viruses that cause colds. The simplest home remedy is to consume a mixture of one teaspoon of lemon juice and two teaspoons of honey. Take it every t...

These healthy snacks will help provide plenty of important nutrients for  pregnancy , including vitamic C, folic acid and calcium. Orange juice Not only is this juice high in vitamin C and folic acid, it's also a good source of potassium, which has been shown to help lower high blood pressure, a particular danger during pregnancy. Yogurt A good source of protein, yogurt has more calcium than milk and also contains active cultures that reduce the risk of yeast infections, which are more common while you're expecting. Also, some people who are lactose intolerant can tolerate yogurt. Broccoli Known for being a good source of calcium, this veggie is also packed with vitamin C, folate, and vitamin B6. Lentils Like beans, lentils are a great source of folate and are rich in iron and protein. They're also full of fiber, which can help prevent constipation and subsequent hemorrhoids. Figs Fresh or dried, figs have more fiber than any typical fruit or...

FOODS TO EAT Soft Cheeses:  Soft cheeses such as Brie, feta, and Gorgonzola were once considered potentially harmful because they can harbor listeria. Listeriosis, an illness caused by the bacteria listeria, can be passed to the fetus, leading to miscarriage, premature delivery, or stillbirth. However, the FDA now allows soft cheese during pregnancy, as long as it's made with pasteurized milk. Most cheese sold in the United States is, but "don't ever take that for granted," says Ward. It's still important to check labels, especially with imported brands. If you live in a border state, steer clear of soft Mexican cheeses like queso blanco in markets (they aren't typically pasteurized). Some foods are fine in small amounts, but don't go overboard. High Levels of Caffeine:  When it comes to caffeine, "the studies can be very confusing," says Sigman-Grant. While one small study did link caffeine to increased health risks in the fetus, stron...

KWASHIORKOR Kwashiorkor is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in developing countries. It is a form of malnutrition caused by not getting enough protein in your diet. Every cell in your body contains protein. You need protein in your diet for your body to repair cells and make new cells. A healthy body regenerates cells in this manner constantly. Protein is also important for growth during childhood and pregnancy. Foods that contain protein include meat, milk, cheese, fish, eggs, soy, beans, nuts, seeds, and some types of grains like quinoa. Children who develop kwashiorkor may not grow or develop properly. It is a very serious condition and can be life-threatening if not treated. CAUSES: Kwashiorkor is caused by not eating enough protein. It is most common in countries where there is limited food supply or in places with low levels of education. The disease is most frequently found in children and infants in Africa and Central America. It is especially...